When ultrasonic deburring and cleaning, under the action of ultrasonic, mechanical vibration is transmitted to the cleaning liquid in the cleaning tank, which makes the cleaning liquid alternately appear the vibration of dense phase, and the liquid is constantly stretched and compressed. The sparse area is stretched to form a micro bubble (vacuum cavitation); The dense places are compressed. Because of the vibration of ultrasonic wave, the inner part of the cleaning liquid is stretched and compressed frequently, and the micro bubbles are produced and broken continuously. When the microbubbles break, the surrounding cleaning liquid extends from all directions to the center of the bubble at a huge speed, and creates water hammer. This phenomenon can be observed directly by naked eyes, that is, there are active bubbles in the cleaning solution, and the cleaning fluid convection is up and down. At this time, if the finger is immersed in the cleaning solution, there is a strong acupuncture feeling. The above phenomenon is called ultrasonic cavitation.

In cavitation, the micro bubble closure forms a transient high pressure of more than 1000 atmospheric pressure. Continuous instantaneous high pressure is like a series of "bombs" constantly bombarding parts, which makes the burr and dirt in the surface and gap of the parts fall off rapidly, achieving deburring and high precision cleaning effect. This is the basic principle of ultrasonic deburring and cleaning.

Ultrasonic shock wave can produce micro - impulse flow in liquid and has stirring effect. In the two-phase liquid, micro - jet can accelerate the dispersion of the two liquid phases, and have emulsification. The cavitation of ultrasonic is dependent on the cavitation core, and the gap on the surface of the cleaned part is exactly the center of the cavitation core.

In a word, ultrasonic deburring and cleaning are the comprehensive manifestations of cavitation, etching, stirring, emulsification and cavitation nuclear action. Cavitation plays a major role in ultrasonic deburring and cleaning, which can destroy the adhesion of burr and dirt particles on the surface of the cleaned parts. In addition, the micro flushing can make the cleaning liquid vibrate and stir, and remove the burr and dirt from the surface and gap of the cleaned parts. The emulsification can disperse the burr and oil pollution quickly and emulsify in the cleaning solution.